September 20 is the 263rd (264th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days remaining until the end of the year is 102.

Railways

• September 20, 1908 The Bulgarians, who used the pretext of railway workers, occupied the railways of Eastern Rumelia.

Olaylar

• 622 – Muhammad and Abu Bakr emigrated to Medina.
• 1187 – Saladin besieges Jerusalem.
• 1519 – Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan leaves Spain with 270 people and 5 ships.
• 1633 – Galileo Galilei is tried at the Roman Inquisition for saying that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
• 1922 – French and Italian forces withdraw from Çanakkale.
• 1928 – The “Fascist Supreme Council” becomes the supreme legislative body of the Kingdom of Italy.
• 1933 – During the visit of Prime Minister Ä°smet nönü and Minister of Foreign Affairs Tevfik Rüştü Aras to Sofia, the duration of the Bulgaria-Turkey neutrality agreement of March 6, 1929 is extended.
• 1937 – Turkey’s first “Museum of Painting and Sculpture” is opened in the office of the Crown Prince of Dolmabahçe Palace, at Atatürk’s request.
• 1937 – Second Turkish History Congress convened at Dolmabahçe Palace.
• 1942 – In Letichiv, Ukraine, German SS troops kill nearly 3 Jews in two days.
• 1946 – The Press Law is passed by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1946 – Beginning of the Cannes Film Festival in France.
• 1951 – Turkey’s NATO membership is accepted.
• 1969 – John Lennon leaves The Beatles.
• 1974 – Hurricane in Honduras: 10 dead.
• 1977 – North Vietnam is admitted to the United Nations.
• 1980 – Retired Admiral Bülend Ulusu is appointed Prime Minister.
• 1981 – Iran announces that it has executed 149 left-wing militants.
• 1984 – Suicide bombing of a truck loaded with explosives on the United States Embassy in Beirut; 22 people died.
• 1988 – Naim SüleymanoÄŸlu breaks 6 world weightlifting records at the Seoul Olympics.
• 1990 – South Ossetia declares independence from Georgia.
• 1993 – CINE 5 started broadcasting.
• 1994 – The oil deal is signed in Baku. The British BP, the Americans Amaco and Pennzoil, the Russian Lukoil and the Turkish TPAO have formed a consortium.
• 1995 – Deniz Baykal overthrows the DYP-CHP coalition government, which he heads with Prime Minister Tansu Çiller, which refuses Necdet Menzir’s request for dismissal. Tansu Çiller handed over the government’s resignation to President Süleyman Demirel.
• 2002 – Israeli soldiers blow up three buildings in the headquarters of Palestinian President Yasser Arafat.

births

• 1161 – Takakura, 80th Emperor of Japan in the traditional succession (d. 1181)
• 1486 – Arthur Tudor, King of England VII. First child of Henry and Elizabeth of York (died 1502)
• 1758 – Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Emperor of Haiti (d. 1806)
• 1820 – John F. Reynolds, American soldier who served in the Civil War (d. 1863)
• 1833 – Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian journalist, nationalist, revolutionary soldier and pacifist (died 1918)
• 1842 – James Dewar, Scottish chemist (d. 1923)
• 1853 – Chulalongkorn, king of Siam (now Thailand) (died 1910)
• 1872 – Maurice Gamelin, French general (died 1958)
• 1878 – Upton Sinclair, American author and Pulitzer Prize winner (died 1968)
• 1889 – Jomo Kenyatta, first Prime Minister of Kenya (d. 1978)
• 1899 – Leo Strauss, German philosopher (died 1973)
• 1913 – Sidney Dillon Ripley, American ornithologist and conservationist (died 2001)
• 1917 – Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (died 1994)
• 1917 – Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan football player and coach (died 1996)
• 1921 – Kadir Has, Turkish businessman (died 2007)
• 1924 – Gogi Grant, popular American singer (died in 2016)
• 1925 – Ananda Mahidol, eighth king of the Chakri dynasty of Siam (died 1946)
• 1930 – Yılmaz Öztuna, Turkish historian (died in 2012)
• 1932 – Atilla KaraosmanoÄŸlu, Turkish politician (died 2013)
• 1933 – Hamit Kaplan, Turkish wrestler (died 1976)
• 1934 – Sophia Loren, Italian actress
• 1937 – Monica Zetterlund, Swedish singer and actress (died 2005)
• 1940 – Tarō Asō, Japanese politician
• 1940 – Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (died 2011)
• 1941 – Dale Chihuly, American glass sculptor and entrepreneur
• 1942 – Rose Francine Rogombé, Gabonese politician (died in 2015)
• 1947 – Mia Martini, Italian singer (died 1995)
• 1947 – Patrick Poivre d’Arvor, French television journalist and author
• 1948 – Sulhi Dölek, Turkish writer and screenwriter (died 2005)
• 1948 – George RR Martin, American author and screenwriter of fantasy, horror and science fiction
• 1949 – Ekrem Günalp, Turkish football player
• 1951 – Javier Marías is a Spanish novelist, translator and columnist.
• 1951 – Güldal Mumcu, Turkish politician
• 1952 – Manuel Zelaya, Honduran politician
• 1956 – Gary Cole, American actor
• 1958 – Gassan Mesud, Syrian actor
• 1959 – Meral Okay, Turkish screenwriter, actress and composer (died 2012)
• 1961 – Erwin Koeman, Dutch football player and coach
• 1962 – Jim Al-Khalili, British theoretical physicist of Iraqi origin and author
• 1964 – Maggie Cheung, Hong Kong actress
• 1964 – Muharrem Akkaya, Turkish lawyer and President of the Supreme Electoral Council
• 1966 – Nuno Bettencourt, Portuguese-American guitarist, singer-songwriter and producer
• 1966 – Lee Hall, English playwright and screenwriter
• 1969 – Davor Dujmovic, Bosnian actor (died 1999)
• 1969 – Richard Witschge, Dutch national football player
• 1971 – Henrik Larsson, Swedish football player
• 1972 – Durul Bazan, Turkish theater and cinema actor
• 1972 – Victo Ponta, Romanian lawyer and politician
• 1973 – Cansel Elçin, Turkish film and television actress
• 1975 – Asia Argento is an Italian actress and director.
• 1975 – Juan Pablo Montoya, Colombian driver, NASCAR racing driver
• 1977 – Bülent Çolak, Turkish actor in theater, cinema and television series
• 1978 – Patrizio Buanne is an Italian-Austrian baritone
• 1982 – Begüm Birgören, Turkish television series and film actress
• 1984 – Brian Joubert, French figure skater
• 1986 – Ibrahim Kas, Turkish football player
• 1987 – Gain, South Korean singer and actress
• 1988 – Habib Nurmagomedov, retired mixed martial artist of miserable origin
• 1991 – Isaac Cofie is a Ghanaian international footballer.
• 1993 – Julian Draxler, German national football player
• 1994 – Gokhan Sazdagi, Turkish football player
• 1995 – Rob Holding is an English footballer.
• 1996 – Yuki Ueda, Japanese football player

Armed

• 1565 – Cipriano de Rore served actively in Italy as a Franco-Flemish composer of his time (b. 1515)
• 1625 – Heinrich Meibom, German historian and poet (born 1555)
• 1863 – Jacob Grimm, German author (eldest of the Brothers Grimm) (born 1785)
• 1894 – Giovanni Battista de Rossi, Italian epigraph and archaeologist (born 1822)
• 1898 – Theodor Fontane, German writer and pharmacist (born 1819)
• 1908 – Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (born 1844)
• 1937 – Lev Karahan, Armenian revolutionary and Soviet diplomat (born 1889)
• 1940 – Edward Denison Ross, English naturalist (born 1871)
• 1941 – Mikhail Kirponos, General of the Soviet Red Army (born 1892)
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• 1947 – Fiorello La Guardia, American politician and mayor of New York (born 1882)
• 1957 – Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (born 1865)
• 1964 – Lazare Lévy, French pianist, organist, composer and teacher (born in 1882)
• 1970 – Alexandros Otoneos, distinguished Greek general who was briefly appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (born 1879)
• 1971 – Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet and Nobel Prize winner (born 1900)
• 1975 – Saint-John Perse, French poet and diplomat (born 1887)
• 1979 – Ludvík Svoboda, Czech general and politician (born 1895)
• 1985 – Ruhi Su, Turkish folk music artist (born 1912)
• 1992 – Ä°lhami Soysal, Turkish journalist and writer (born 1928)
• 1992 – Musa Anter, Turkish journalist, writer and poet (born 1920)
• 1993 – Erich Hartmann, II. Luftwaffe fighter pilot in the Nazi German Air Force in WWII (born 1922)
• 1996 – Max Manus, Norwegian resistance fighter (during WWII) (born 1914)
• 1996 – Paul Erdös, Hungarian mathematician (born 1913)
• 1999 – Raïsa Gorbachev, wife of Mikhail Gorbachev (born in 1932)
• 2000 – German Titov, Soviet cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, fourth human in space after American astronauts Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom (born 1935)
• 2002 – Sergey Sergeyevich Bodrov was born in South Ossetia. Russian director, actor and screenwriter (born 1971)
• 2002 – Necdet Kent, Turkish diplomat (born 1911)
• 2004 – Brian Clough, English football player (born 1935)
• 2005 – Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Jewish and Nazi hunter (born 1908)
• 2006 – Sven Nykvist, Swedish cinematographer (born 1922)
• 2008 – Nazmi Bari, Turkish national tennis player (born 1929)
• 2010 – Fud Leclerc, Belgian singer (born in 1920)
• 2011 – Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (born 1940)
• 2013 – Ercan Aktuna, former Turkish national football player, coach, trainer (born 1940)
• 2013 – Süha Özgermi, Turkish businessman and organizer (born in 1923)
• 2014 – Anatoly Berezovoy, Soviet cosmonaut (born 1942)
• 2014 – Polly Bergen, American actress and singer (born 1930)
• 2014 – Åžeref TaÅŸlıova, Turkish folk poet, state artist (born 1938)
• 2015 – CK Williams, American poet (born 1936)
• 2016 – Curtis Hanson, American director, producer and screenwriter (born 1945)
• 2017 – Ene Mihkelson, Estonian writer (born 1944)
• 2017 – Lillian Ross, American journalist and author (born 1918)
• 2017 – Shakila, Indian actress (born 1935)
• 2018 – Ä°brahim Ayhan is a Kurdish politician (born 1968)
• 2018 – Fadil Cemil al-Bervari, Iraqi enlisted soldier (born 1966)
• 2018 – Inge Feltrinelli, German-Italian photographer (born in 1930)
• 2018 – George N. Hatsopoulos, Greek-American mechanical engineer (born 1927)
• 2018 – Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Moroccan politician and former Prime Minister (born in 1919)
• 2018 – Mohammed Sahnun, Ambassador of Algeria (born in 1931)
• 2018 – Oytun Åžanal, Turkish theater actor and voice (born in 1937)
• 2018 – Reinhard Tritscher, former Austrian skier (born 1946)
• 2020 – Robert Graetz, American Lutheran cleric and activist (born 1928)
• 2020 – Rossana Rossanda, Italian leftist politician, women’s rights activist, author and journalist (born 1924)
• 2020 – Gerardo Vera, Spanish actor, costume designer and decorator, opera, cinema and theater director (born 1947)

Holidays and special occasions

• Fenerbahçe International Women’s Day