November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days remaining until the end of the year is 41.

Railways

• November 20, 1925 The Yahşihan-Yerköy line (115 km) and the Yerköy station are opened.
• The line left Fevzipaşa on November 20, 1935 and reached Diyarbakır. Speaking at the opening, Nafia MP Ali Çetinkaya said: “The integration of our citizens among themselves in terms of the railway is the most important agent that will guarantee national unity and culture.
• November 20, 1937 Sivas-Divriği (65 km) is in service. The line was built by Simeryol Turkish Construction Company.

Olaylar

• 1863 – Creation of the Ziraat bank.
• 1910 – The Mexican revolution begins.
• 1922 – The opening ceremony of the Lausanne Conference takes place.
• 1923 – People’s Party, Defense of the Bar incorporated the organization.
• 1936 – Buenaventura Durruti, an anarchist leader who fought alongside Republicans against the fascist uprising during the Spanish Civil War, is killed.
• 1939 – BBC Turkish Service began broadcasting.
• 1940 – Hungary joins the Axis powers.
• 1943 – Istanbul Technical University is founded.
• [1945–IIAftertheSecondWorldWartheNurembergtrialsbegan[1945–IIAprèslaSecondeGuerremondialelesprocèsdeNurembergontcommencé
• 1947 – II. Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten were married at Westminster Cathedral.
• 1959 – United Nations, Declaration of the rights of the childpublished it.
• 1959 – The United Kingdom, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland sign the European Free Trade Association Agreement, in short EFTA.
• 1961 – The first coalition government in Turkey is established by Prime Minister İsmet nönü with ministers from the Justice Party and the Republican People’s Party.
• 1962 – The United States ends the blockade of Cuba.
• 1975 – General Franco, who ruled Spain for 36 years as dictator, dies.
• 1979 – Faculty member of Istanbul University Law Faculty and Deputy Dean of Political Science Faculty, Professor Dr. Ümit Doğanay was killed in the attack.
• 1980 – The military chamber of the Court of Cassation approved the execution of 19-year-old Erdal Eren, who was sentenced to death for the murder of Zekeriya Önge.
• 1984 – Investigation into the existence of extraterrestrials in the universe S have been established.
• 1985 – Microsoft released Windows 1.0.
• 1989 – United Nations, Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted.
• 1992 – Namik Tarancı dies following an armed attack.
• 1994 – At the World Weightlifting Championships, Naim Süleymanoğlu breaks 64 world records in 5 kg and wins 3 gold medals.
• 1998 – Italy frees PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan, who was captured at Rome airport on November 12.
• 2003 – Militants linked to Al-Qaeda; Istanbul carried out a bomb attack against the headquarters of the HSBC bank in Levent and the British Consulate General in Beyoğlu. 31 people were killed and more than 450 injured.

births

• 1858 – Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish writer and Nobel laureate (died 1940)
• 1880 – Miheil Javakhishvili, Georgian writer (died 1937)
• 1886 – Karl von Frisch, Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate in physiology or medicine (d. 1982)
• 1889 – Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (died 1953)
• 1923 – Nadine Gordimer, South African writer and Nobel Prize winner (died 2014)
• 1925 – Robert F. Kennedy, American politician (after John F. Kennedy, assassinated United States Attorney General) (died 1968)
• 1927 Joyce Brothers, American psychologist (died in 2013)
• 1930 – Christine Arnothy, Hungarian writer (died 2015)
• 1936 – Don DeLillo, American writer
• 1940 Ediz Hun, Turkish actor and politician
• 1942 – Joe Biden, American politician and 47th Vice President of the United States
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• 1946 – Ali Uyandıran, Turkish actor in cinema, theater and television series
• 1946 – Özer Baykay, Turkish lecturer, economist, politician, writer (died 1981)
• 1956 – Bo Derek, American actor
• 1956 – Ali Rıza Öztürk, Turkish politician
• 1961 – Erol Kemah, Turkish Greco-Roman wrestler.
• 1962 – Kamil Okyay Sındır, Turkish agricultural engineer and politician
• 1967 – Teoman, Turkish rock musician and songwriter
• 1970 – Melda Arat, Turkish film and television actress
• 1970 – Phife Dawg, American hip-hop musician
• 1970 – Mansur bin Zaid al-Nehyan, politician in the United Arab Emirates and member of the ruling Abu Dhabi family
• 1971 – Joel McHale, American comedian
• 1972 – Paulo Figueiredo, Angolan national football player
• 1972 – Iskander Suveyh, Tunisian national football player
• 1972 – Tatiana Turanskaya, politician from Transnistria
• 1973 – Masaya Honda, former Japanese football player
• 1974 – Claudio Hussein, Argentinian national football player
• 1975 – Joshua Gomez is an American actor.
• 1976 – Mahmud A. Asrar, Turkish comic artist
• 1976 – Muhammed Bereket is an Egyptian national football player.
• 1976 – Nebojša Stefanović, Serbian politician
• 1976 – Atsushi Yoneyama, former Japanese international football player
• 1976 – Ji Yun-Nam is a former North Korean international footballer.
• 1977 – Daniel Svensson, Swedish musician
• 1977 – Josh Turner, singer and county and gospel actor
• 1978 – Elif Sonmez, Turkish actress
• 1978 – Nadine Velazquez, American actress and model
• 1979 – Dmitry Bulikin, Russian national football player
• 1980 – Dilnaz Ahmediyeva, Kazakh singer and actress of Uyghur origin
• 1981 – Carlos Boozer, former American basketball player
• 1981 – Güler, Turkish singer
• 1981 – Yuko Kawaguchi, Japanese-Russian figure skater
• 1981 Andrea Riseborough, English actress
• 1981 – İbrahim Toraman, Turkish national football player
• 1982 – Shermine Shahrivar, German model and actress
• 1982 – Fabián Villaseñor, Mexican football player
• 1983 – Dele Aiyenugba is a Nigerian footballer.
• 1983 – Future, American rapper
• 1985 – Eric Boateng, professional basketball player from Great Britain
• 1985 – Selim Gülgören, Turkish singer and actor
• 1985 – Maria Mukhortova, Russian figure skater
• 1985 – Themistoklis Tzimopoulos, New Zealand national football player of Greek descent
• 1986 – Josh Carter, American professional basketball player
• 1986 – Edder Delgado is a Honduran national footballer.
• 1986 – Özer Hurmacı, Turkish national football player
• 1986 – Oliver Sykes, English musician
• 1986 – William is a Brazilian soccer player.
• 1987 – Ben Hamer, English football player
• 1987 – Valdet Rama, Albanian football player
• 1988 – Roberto Rosales, Venezuelan national football player
• 1989 – Cody Linley, young American actor
• 1989 – Agon Mehmeti, Albanian national football player
• 1989 – Sergey Polunin, Ukrainian ballet dancer
• 1989 – Eduardo Vargas, Chilean international footballer
• 1990 – Toko is a Congolese football player.
• 1991 – Irene Esser, 2011th beauty queen crowned Miss Venezuela 58
• 1991 – Anthony Knockaert is a French footballer.
• 1992 – Amit Guluzade, Azerbaijani national football player
• 1994 – Timothy Kitum, Kenyan middle distance runner
• 1995 – Michael Clifford, Australian musician
• 1995 – Kyle Snyder, American wrestler
• 1996 – Denis Zakaria, Swiss footballer

Armed

• 284 – Numerianus, Roman emperor from December 283 to November 284
• 855 – Theoktistos, a Byzantine bureaucrat
• 1559 – Frances Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, second child and first daughter of Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor (b. 1517)
• 1624 – Imam-i Rabbani, Indian Islamic scholar and Sufi leader (born 1564)
• 1651 – Mikołaj Potocki, Polish nobleman, member of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1637 to 1646, royal hetman from 1646 to 1651, governor of the Bracław voivodship from 1636 to 1646 (born 1595)
• 1737 – Caroline, King II. She was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland as George’s wife. (born in 1683)
• 1764 – Christian Goldbach, Russian mathematician (born 1690)
• 1811 – Sebastiano Giuseppe Danna, Italian general (born 1757)
• 1894 – Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein, Russian composer and pianist (born 1829)
• 1903 – Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat, French speedway pilot (born in 1867)
• 1910 – Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, Russian novelist (born 1828)
• 1918 – John Bauer, Swedish painter (born 1882)
• 1921 – Henry Hyndman, English Marxist (born 1842)
• 1936 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist, revolutionary and trade unionist (born 1896)
• 1938 – Maud of Welsh, Queen of Norway (born 1869)
• 1942 – Jack Greenwell, English football player and coach (born 1884)
• [1945-FrancisWilliamAstonBritishchemistphysicistandwinneroftheNobeldechimieaward(born1877)[1945-FrancisWilliamAstonchimistebritanniquephysicienetlauréatduprixNobeldechimie(néen1877)
• 1947 – Wolfgang Borchert, German writer (born 1921)
• 1949 – Wakatsuki Reijirō, 15th Prime Minister of Japan (born 1866)
• 1950 – Francesco Cilea, Italian composer and music teacher (born 1866)
• 1952 – Emsalinur Kadınefendi, II. Seventh wife of Abdulhamid (born 1866)
• 1952 – Benedetto Croce, Italian philosopher (born in 1866)
• 1954 – Clyde Vernon’s Cessna, American inventor and businessman (born 1879)
• 1975 – Francisco Franco, Spanish soldier and President of Spain (born 1892)
• 1979 – Ümit Doğanay, Turkish scholar and vice-dean of the Faculty of Political Science, Istanbul University (assassinated)
• 1980 – Turhan Kapanlı, Turkish politician (born 1916)
• 1989 – Leonardo Sciascia, Italian writer and politician (born 1921)
• 1992 – Namık Tarancı, Turkish journalist and Real magazine journalist (assassinated) (born 1955)
• 1995 – Sergey Grinkov, Soviet Russian figure skater (born 1967)
• 1999 – Amintore Fanfani, Italian politician (born 1908)
• 2000 – Barbara Sobotta, Polish sprinter (born in 1936)
• 2003 – David Dacko, Central African speaker and politician (born in 1930)
• 2003 – Roger Short, British Consul General in Istanbul (born 1944)
• 2003 – Kerem Yılmazer, Turkish theater actor (born 1945)
• 2006 – Robert Altman, American director (born in 1925)
• 2007 – Ian Smith, Rhodesian farmer, fighter pilot, politician (born 1919)
• 2012 – William Grut, modern Swedish pentathlete (born 1914)
• 2012 – Cemil Özeren, Turkish rock musician and singer (born 1966)
• 2013 – Sylvia Browne, American psychic medium and author (born 1936)
• 2013 – Dieter Hildebrandt, German cabaret and theater actor (born 1927)
• 2016 – Gabriel Badilla, former international football player from Costa Rica (born 1984)
• 2016 – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, Greek politician (born in 1926)
• 2017 – Janusz Wójcik, Polish national football player and coach (born 1953)
• 2018 – Roy Bailey, English socialist folk singer, songwriter and guitarist (born 1935)
• 2018 – Robert Blythe, Anglo-Welsh actor and voice actor (born 1947)
• 2018 – James H. Billington, American scholar and librarian (born 1929)
• 2018 – Aaron Klug, British chemist and biophysicist of Lithuanian descent (born 1926)
• 2018 – Eimuntas Nekrošius, Lithuanian theater director (born 1952)
• 2019 – Mary L. Good, American organic chemist, pharmacist, politician, and scientist (b.1931)
• 2019 – John Mann, Canadian folk rock artist, songwriter and actor (born 1962)
• 2019 – Michael J. Pollard, American actor, comedian and dubbing artist (born 1939)
• 2020 – Ernesto Canto, Mexican walker (born 1959)
• 2020 – Marian Cycoń, Polish politician (born 1940)
• 2020 – Jacques Déprez, French hurdler (born in 1938)
• 2020 – June Furlong, British model (born 1930)
• 2020 – Serbian Patriarch Irinej was the 45th Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church (born 1930)
• 2020 – Judith Jarvis Thomson, American moral philosopher and metaphysician (born 1929)
• 2020 – Rita Sargsyan, wife of former Armenian President Serge Sargsyan and former First Lady of Armenia (born 1962)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Day of the Rights of the Child
• Day of Remembrance for Transgender Victims of Hate Crimes