October 2 is the 275th (276th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days remaining until the end of the year is 90.

Railways

• On October 2, 1890, the district governor Åžakir asserted that a perfect railway should be built between Jeddah and Arafat in the Hejaz, where he was on duty.

Olaylar

• 1187 – Salahuddin Ayyubi seizes Jerusalem and ends the 88-year cross-occupation.
• 1552 – The Russians of Ivan the Terrible occupy Kazan.
• 1608 – The prototype of the modern telescope is made by Dutch eyewear maker Hans Lippershey.
• 1836 – Charles Darwin, British Royal Navy HMS Beagle He returned to England after a 5-year voyage on his ship, which included Brazil, the Galapagos Islands and New Zealand. These works were published in 1859. The origin of species He created the source for his book.
• 1870 – Rome becomes the capital of Italy.
• 1895 – The Armenian revolt begins in Trabzon.
• 1919 – US President Woodrow Wilson suffers from a stroke.
• 1924 – 47 members of the League of Nations sign the compulsory arbitration protocol.
• 1928 – The secret Catholic organization Opus Dei is founded in Madrid.
• 1935 – The Italian army enters Ethiopia.
• 1941 – The Germans launch a general offensive against the Soviet Union, known as Operation Typhoon.
• 1948 – The Turkish Press Association held a ceremony for 50 writers who spent 96 years in the press.
• 1950 – The adventures of the dog named Snoopy, drawn by Charles M. Schulz Peanuts The group’s cartoon was first released.
• 1953 – West Germany is admitted to NATO.
• 1957 – The foundation of METU is laid.
• 1958 – The French colony of Guinea declares its independence.
• 1966 – Opening of the Vicente Calderón stadium.
• 1968 – University invasion of Mexico. More than a hundred students died when the Mexican security forces intervened.
• 1969 – The Supreme Court closed 6 student organizations on the grounds that they were engaged in politics.
• 1970 – A bomb is thrown at the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) building in Ankara.
• 1974 – Former member of the National Unity Committee, General Cemal MadanoÄŸlu, and his friends are acquitted.
• 1975 – The United States partially lifts the arms embargo on Turkey.
• 1978 – The Nationalist Movement Party demands that martial law be declared.
• 1980 – Ahmet Hilmi VeziroÄŸlu, one of the lawyers of the Revolutionary Confederation of Trade Unions (DÄ°SK), is found dead. Bursa Police Department claimed that VeziroÄŸlu committed suicide by jumping from the police building.
• 1980 – General President Kenan Evren addressed the people of Van: “When the Republic is in danger; When the lands that Atatürk had entrusted to us, those pristine lands, were in danger, we could not stop. Either we were going to leave or we were going to do this operation.
• 1984 – After the September 12 coup, the first strike began at two shipyards in Tuzla.
• 1989 – TRT 3 and GAP TV officially began broadcasting.
• 1990 – A China Airlines Boeing 737 is hijacked and crashes into two planes after landing at Guangzhou Airport; 132 people died.
• 1992 – During exercises in the Aegean Sea, two missiles fired from the American aircraft carrier hit the Turkish destroyer Muavenet; 5 sailors were killed along with the ship’s commander in the incident.
• 1996 – A Peruvian Airlines Boeing 757 crashes in the Pacific just after taking off from Lima; 70 people died.
• 1997 – EU member states sign the Treaty of Amsterdam.
• 2001 – With the effect of the September 11 attacks, Swissair shares fell sharply and the process leading to its bankruptcy began.
• 2006 – The Müjdat Gezen theater was inaugurated by Semra Sezer.

births

• 1452 – III. Richard, King of England (died 1485)
• 1568 – Marino Ghetaldi, Ragusian scientist (died 1626)
• 1616 Andreas Gryphius, German poet (died 1664)
• 1768 – William Beresford, Anglo-Irish soldier and politician (died 1854)
• 1828 – Charles Floquet, French Prime Minister (died 1896)
• 1832 – Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (died 1917)
• 1847 – Paul von Hindenburg, German soldier and politician (died 1934)
• 1851 – Ferdinand Foch, French soldier (died 1929)
• 1852 – William O’Brien, Irish journalist and politician (d. 1928)
• 1852 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist and Nobel Prize winner (died 1916)
• 1869 – Mahatma Gandhi, leader of Indian independence (d. 1948)
• 1886 – Robert Julius Trumpler, American-Swiss astronomer (died 1956)
• 1890 – Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (died 1977)
• 1897 – Bud Abbott, American comedian and actor (died 1974)
• 1904 – Graham Greene, English novelist (died 1991)
• 1904 – Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime Minister of India (died 1966)
• 1935 – Omar Sivori, Argentine footballer (died 2005)
• 1939 – Özcan Arkoç, Turkish football player and coach (died in 2021)
• 1940 – Murat Soydan, Turkish film and television actor
• 1943 – Paul Van Himst, Belgian footballer and coach
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• 1948 – Siim Kallas, Prime Minister of Estonia
• 1951 – Romina Power, Italian singer-songwriter
• 1951 – Sting, English musician
• 1962 – ÇiÄŸdem Anad, Turkish journalist, writer and presenter
• 1966 – Yokozuna, American professional wrestler (died 2000)
• 1968 – Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player (died 2017)
• 1969 – Murat GaripaÄŸaoÄŸlu, Turkish actor in theater, cinema and television series
• 1970 – Maribel Verdú, Spanish actress
• 1971 – Yosi Mizrahi, Turkish Jewish actor in theater, cinema and television series
• 1971 – James Root, American musician
• 1971 – Tiffany is an American singer.
• 1972 – Halis KarataÅŸ, Turkish jockey
• 1973 – Lene Nystrøm, Norwegian singer, actress and musician
• 1973 – Proof, American rapper (died 2006)
• 1974 – Michelle Krusiec, American actress
• 1976 – Burcu Esmersoy, Turkish TV presenter and actress
• 1976 – Cemal Hünal, Turkish actor
• 1977 – Reginaldo Araújo, Brazilian football player (died in 2016)
• 1978 – Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese musician
• 1979 – Primoz Brezec, Slovenian basketball player
• 1979 – Francisco Fonseca is a Mexican soccer player.
• 1981 – Luke Wilkshire, Australian international footballer
• 1982 – Tyson Chandler, American professional basketball player
• 1982 – Esra Gümüş, Turkish volleyball player
• 1984 – Marion Bartoli, Former French professional tennis player
• 1985 – ÇaÄŸlar First, Turkish football player
• 1986 – Camilla Belle is an American actress.
• 1987 – Joe Ingles is an Australian professional basketball player.
• 1988 – Ivan Zaytsev, Italian volleyball player of Russian origin
• 1991 – Roberto Firmino, Brazilian football player
• 1993 – Michy Batshuayi, Belgian national footballer of Congolese origin
• 1996 – Ryoma Watanabe, Japanese football player

Armed

• 829-II. Michael, 820 – Byzantine Emperor October 2, 829 (born 770)
• 1709 – Ivan Mazepa, Cossack hetman from 1687 to 1708 (born 1639)
• 1803 – Samuel Adams, American politician (born 1722)
• 1804 – Nicolas Joseph Cugnot, French inventor and scientist (born in 1725)
• 1852 – Karel BoÅ™ivoj Presl, Czech botanist (born 1794)
• 1853 – François Jean Dominique Arago, French physicist, mathematician, astronomer and politician (born in 1786)
• 1865 – Karl Klaus von der Decken, German explorer (born 1834)
• 1892 – Ernest Renan, French philosopher, historian and philologist (died 1823)
• 1900 – Hugo Rheinhold, German sculptor (born 1853)
• 1916 – Dimcho Debelyanov, Bulgarian poet (born 1887)
• 1920 – Max Bruch, German composer and conductor (born 1838)
• 1921 – II. William, last king of the kingdom of Württemberg (born in 1848)
• 1927 – Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate in chemistry (born 1859)
• 1938 – Alexandru Averescu, Romanian marshal and politician (born in 1859)
• 1953 – ReÅŸat Åžemsettin Sirer, Turkish politician (born 1903)
• 1958 – Marie Stopes, English contraceptive and defender of women’s rights (b. 1880)
• 1966 – Faik Ãœstün, Turkish politician and statesman (born 1884)
• 1968 – Marcel Duchamp, French artist (born in 1887)
• 1973 – Cemal Sahir KehribarcıoÄŸlu, Turkish composer and operetta (born 1900)
• 1973 – Paavo Nurmi, Finnish athlete (born 1897)
• 1985 – Rock Hudson, American actor (born 1925)
• 1987 – Peter Medawar, Brazilian / British biologist (born 1915)
• 1988 – Alec Issigonis, Greek-British designer of the Mini car (born 1906)
• 1989 – Yalın Tolga, Turkish theater artist (born 1931)
• 1991 – Dimitrios Papadopoulos I, Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Fener (born 1914)
• 1993 – William Berger, Austrian film actor (born 1928)
• 1996 – Andrey Lukanov, Bulgarian politician (born 1938)
• 1998 – Gene Autry, American singer and actor (born 1907)
• 1999 – Heinz G. Konsalik, German novelist (born 1921)
• 2000 – Amadou Karim Gaye, Senegalese politician, soldier, veterinarian and doctor (born in 1913)
• 2000 – Elek Schwartz, Romanian football player and coach (born 1908)
• 2003 – Otto Günsche, German SS officer and Hitler’s assistant (born 1917)
• 2005 – Münip Özben, Turkish painter (born in 1932)
• 2008 – Choi Jin-sil, South Korean actress (born 1968)
• 2008 – Gıyasettin Emre, Turkish politician and Turkey’s first independent MP (born 1910)
• 2014 – György Lázár, Hungarian engineer and politician (born 1924)
• 2015 – Brian Friel, Irish translator and playwright (born 1929)
• 2016 – Georg Apenes, Norwegian politician, bureaucrat and lawyer (born 1940)
• 2016 – Neville Marriner, English conductor and cellist (born 1924)
• 2017 – Donna Ares, Bosnian pop singer (born 1977)
• 2017 – Evangelina Elizondo, Mexican actress (born 1929)
• 2017 – Klaus Huber, Swiss composer, educator and scholar (born 1924)
• 2017 – Friedrich von Löffelholz, former German racing cyclist (born 1953)
• 2017 – Paul Otellini, American businessman (born in 1950)
• 2017 – Marcel Germain Perrier, French Catholic bishop (born in 1933)
• 2017 – Tom Petty, American rock singer, songwriter, musician, producer and actor (born 1950)
• 2018 – Smilja Avramov, Serbian scholar, lawyer and writer (born 1918)
• 2018 – Geoffrey Emerick, British sound engineer (born 1945)
• 2018 – Thampi Kannanthanam, Indian director, screenwriter, producer and actor (born 1953)
• 2018 – Roman Kartsev, Russian actor and comedian (born in 1939)
• 2018 – Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist and writer (born 1958)
• 2019 – Julie Gibson, American actress, dubbing artist, singer and educator (born 1913)
• 2019 – Giya Kancheli, Soviet and Georgian composer (born 1935)
• 2019 – Cafer Kashani, Iranian national football player (born 1944)
• 2019 – Isaac Promise, Nigerian international (born 1987)
• 2019 – Kim Shattuck, American punk rock singer and songwriter (born 1963)
• 2019 – Hargovind Laxmishanker Trivedi, nephrologist, immunologist, transplant specialist and stem cell researcher from India (born 1932)
• 2020 – Zeki Ergezen, Turkish politician (born 1949)

Holidays and special occasions

• Storm: Storm bird livelihood
• World Day of Nonviolence (Nonviolence)